In many states these are available without proof of citizenship. When people say proof of citizenship they usually mean a passport or REALID.

em-dashes and en-dashes are used for completely different purposes, so why would they be confused?

Military ships don't run their radio beacons in combat zones. (There was an incident last year where the USS Theodore Roosevelt collided with a civilian cargo ship at night at least partially because it tried to approach the Suez canal with it's beacon off.)

As far as I know none of Trump's deals have been ratified by the Senate. None of them are valid.

Pretty sure the term "seed" for a pRNG initial value is already derived from the same crystal seed analogy...