I have an Air and agree these are great for people sensitive to PWM like myself.

Not well. But at least I had windows at work to counteract it and I could turn the lights off. I also was a contractor for 15 years which meant working from my home mostly.

Strangely tho there is something about PWM flicker, especially the kind that is deep cycle (basically 100% on then 100% off) that are super bad for me. I can look at an old CRT fine because it’s not completely on and off as it does it’s scanlines. But PWM is like flicking a light switch rapidly and it gives me the worst headaches.

The latter. But it’s the preview you’re looking at. You’re not actually taking a photo.

In my testing no, the MacBooks are fine. It’s the phones that are a problem. Easiest way to tell is get a camera app you can set the shutter speed to 10,000 fps and point it at a screen. If there are black lines across the screen there is a PWM issue. The thicker and darker the black lines the worse it is.

It can be both, but for people sensitive to PWM, it’s the PWM.